By Evandro Agazzi (auth.), Evandro Agazzi (eds.)
ISBN-10: 9400930615
ISBN-13: 9789400930612
ISBN-10: 9401078777
ISBN-13: 9789401078771
Probability has develop into the most attribute con cepts of recent tradition, and a 'probabilistic frame of mind' will be stated to have penetrated nearly each quarter of our in tellectual lifestyles. but it will be tricky to figure out an specific record of 'positive' gains, to be proposed as identifica tion marks of this fashion of pondering. One could really say that it really is characterised through definite 'negative' positive factors, i. e. by means of sure at titudes which seem to be the negation of good verified tra ditional assumptions, conceptual frameworks, global outlooks and so forth. the reason for this is that of this competition to culture that the probabilistic procedure is perceived as expressing a 'modern' in tellectual kind. for instance you can still point out the frequent diffidence in philosophy with recognize to self -contained structures claiming to specific apodictic truths, rather than which a lot weaker pretensions are most well-liked, that specific 'probable' interpretations of fact, of background, of guy (the hermeneutic trend). An ana logous instance is represented by means of the curiosity dedicated to the examine of other styles of 'argumentation', dealing wiht reasonings which depend no longer loads at the fact of the premisses and stringent formal common sense hyperlinks, yet on a demonstrate of contextual stipulations (depending at the viewers, and on authorised stan dards, decisions, and values), which render the premisses and the conclusions extra 'probable' (the new rhetoric).
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Example text
Berkeley && Los Angeles: University of California Press. Savage, Leonard James (1954), The Foundations of Statistics. New York: Wiley. Smoluchowski, Marian von (1918), 'Uber den Begriff des Zufalls und den Ursprung der Wahrscheinlichkeitsgesetae in der Physik'. Naturwissenschaften 6:253. Venn, John (1888), The Logic of Chance, 3rd ed. London: Macmillan && Co. Ville, Jean (1939), Etude critique de la notion de collectif. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. Wald, Abraham (1950), Statistical Decision Functions.
E. as long as no probabilistic model is constructed, probability has nothing to do with possibility, propensity, randomness, or uncertainty. An application of any abstract or semiabstract theory to some domain of reality consists in enriching the theory with two different items: (a) a model or sketch of the object or domain of facts to which the theory is to be applied, and (b) an interpretation of the basic concepts of the theory in terms of the objects to which it is to be applied. e. f =
Indeed, whereas Pr is defined on a probability space F (as we saw in Section I), a frequency function f is defined, for every sampling procedure R, on the power set 2F • of a finite subset F • of F -namely the set of actually observed events. e. 38 M. BUNGE [0,1] but I: 2F* x IT -+ Q, where F * S;; F, and where IT is the set of sampling procedures (each characterized by a sample size and other statistical parameters) and Q is the set of proper fractions in [0,1]. Our second objection follows from the former: a probability statement does not reler to the same things as the corresponding frequency statement.
Probability in the Sciences by Evandro Agazzi (auth.), Evandro Agazzi (eds.)
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