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Additional resources for Optical Applications of Liquid Crystals

Example text

If crossed polarizers surround the device with one of them parallel to the optic axis of one of the stable states, then one of the two states will be black. 1):   pÁnd T ¼ sin2 ð4Þ sin2 ;  where  ¼ 2. 10(a). 58, a value typical of many SmCÃ materials. The thickness of the device should also be such that a half wave plate is achieved, that is: d¼  : 2Án Because of the high birefringence of smectic liquid crystals, this often results in cell thickness of 2 mm or less. In the operation of this bistable surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) device [16], the switching between the two stable states is driven by the interaction between the applied electric field and the net spontaneous polarization.

5), if the surface pretilt is chosen appropriately then a C2 chevron state can be achieved. In this case the director lies approximately in the plane of the cell surfaces and has an in-plane tilt angle which is roughly triangular in profile. At the surfaces the director is aligned in the natural alignment direction. As the device is traversed from one surface to the other it tilts out to the intersection point at the chevron interface and back to the alignment direction. The tilt direction can be to either side of the alignment direction, depending on which state the device has previously been switched to.

In fact, in one material, the quadrupolar component of the interlayer interaction has been measured to be so high that the F state is stable for all electric fields, and it is only defect-seeded domain switching that causes the AF state to reappear once a device has been driven into the F state [29]. In some AFLC devices, however, a thresholded hysteresis loop is not observed. 13 occurs [30]. 13. In some AFLC materials, the switching characteristics are not hysteretic, but instead are thresholdless or V-shaped in character, as illustrated here.

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