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Extra info for Handbook of Cognitive Task Design (Human Factors and Ergonomics)

Sample text

Goals may be successively unpacked to reveal a nested hierarchy of goals and subgoals. This process of decomposition, also referred to as redescription, has the benefit, according to the general principle proposed by Chapanis (1951), of comprising an economical way of locating sources of general system error (actual or potential) in failure to attain specific subgoals. 20 ANNETT Operations: Input, Action, and Feedback An operation is the fundamental unit of analysis. An operation is specified by a goal, the circumstances in which the goal is activated (the Input), the activities (Action) that contribute to goal attainment, and the conditions indicating goal attainment (Feedback); hence operations are sometimes referred to as IAF units.

HTA is probably best seen as a systematic search strategy that is adaptable for use in a variety of different contexts and purposes within the human factors enterprise (Shepherd, 1998). Origins of HTA During the 1950s, new technology was introducing major changes in the design of industrial and military tasks. In particular, “automation,” while reducing physical effort, was increasing the mental effort required to monitor and control complex machinery. The classical methods of analysing tasks, such as Gilbreth’s motion study (Gilbreth, 1911), which had been in use for half a century, were proving inadequate to describe tasks of increasing complexity and ever more important mental content.

5. Recheck validity of decomposition with stakeholders. 1. Stakeholders invited to confirm analysis, especially identified goals, and performance criteria. 2. Revert to step 4 until misinterpretations and omissions have been rectified. 6. Identify significant operations in light of purpose of analysis. 1. Identify operations failing p × c criterion. 2. , complex plans, high workload, dependent on teamwork, or specialist knowledge. 7. Generate and, if possible, test hypotheses concerning factors affecting learning and performance.

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