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Sample text

Class 2 drugs are cardiodepressant by antagonising the positive inotropic influence of sympathetic tone, class 4 drugs diminish the intracellular activator Ca by directly blocking the sarcolemmal Ca channels. The negative inotropic effect of class 1 drugs, on the other hand, is less well 34 understood, although antiarrhythmics of this type are most often used clinically to combat ventricular arrhythmia. In the study (5) which is briefly reviewed here, we have examined whether Na channel block, i.

Conversely, when a stimulus is followed by a slow developing contraction with retarded peak of force, SR and all other cellular stores are calcium-empty. Accordingly, I consider 31 j\J mmol/kg d ,,,,. w. 15 10 rest in low Na Z-l ln t's s .. S 5 dias tol e eontrae t ion rest in norm Tyrode res t norepinephr ine Fig. 4. Summary of experiments on calcium distribution on Z-lines, sarcomeres, mitochondria and membrane-near sites in muscles frozen after positive inotropic interventions leading to "early", high contractions (upper row).

This value is shown by the second column from the left in Fig. 4. There was a significant decrease in V02 after arrest. This remaining Voz under arrest represents basal metabolism of myocardium. The difference between the unload Voz and the arrest Voz was considered to be V02 associated with myocardial activation, or excitation-contraction coupling. We then infused either epinephrine or calcium chloride directly into the coronary circulation at the same dose that was used in the beating left ventricles.

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